Subsalt Imaging in the Gulf of Mexico using 3D-FTG Enhanced Seismic Interpretation
The Green Canyon/Walker Ridge area contains numerous salt bodies.
The salt movement and withdrawal has formed very large subsalt structures.
Interpretation of the base of salt and the subsalt structures is extremely difficult,
due to the poor quality of the subsalt imaging of seismic data.
Factors affecting subsalt imaging are: Steep dips of the top of salt,
rugose top of salt, salt structures with embodied sediments, multiples
and velocity insensitivity.
To define the salt bodies both vertically and laterally as well as the subsalt
structures, full tensor gradient data was collected. Texaco’s interpretations
of the top of salt and base of salt were converted to depth and a 3-d model constructed.
Gradients were calculated and compared to the measured data via a differencing
technique. Density grids, as well as the extent of the top of salt and the depth
of the base of salt were modified based on the difference maps. The process was
repeated until a difference of 3 Eötvös was achieved. New Top & Base of Salt and
Salt Isopach Maps were then generated.
The FTG analysis showed two deep-seated "keels" in the southern salt body and a rooted
salt to the north. The FTG data detected a subsalt sand fairway that was subsequently
confirmed by seismic data. This sand fairway masked the negative anomaly, which should
have been present due to the salt, by creating a positive anomaly, due to the higher
densities of the subsalt sands. Numerous overhangs are present in conjunction with
the deep-seated salt bodies. Subsequent seismic processing done with the benefit of
this study, has resulted in much improved base of salt and subsalt imaging which fully
supports the conclusions reached by the FTG analysis.
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